RESUMO Introdução A potência explosiva dos membros inferiores é um índice indispensável no futebol. Ter um bom nível de potência explosiva estabelece uma base sólida para o desempenho e o nível competitivo dos futebolistas. Objetivo Promover as condições para melhorar o nível explosivo dos jogadores de futebol e aperfeiçoar seu desempenho e nível competitivo. Métodos Este documento apresenta a influência do treinamento de força composta no poder explosivo dos membros inferiores dos atletas de futebol. Com base em 27 jovens jogadores de futebol com 9 anos de idade do Zai Ming Football Club de uma faculdade esportiva como material experimental, foi realizado o treinamento composto. Resultados As taxas de crescimento destes índices no grupo experimental foram de 3,3%, 2,3%, 5,0%, 3,6%, 9,2%, 12,1%, 20,5%, 5,7%, 11,9%, 16,9% e 19,5% respectivamente, enquanto os do grupo de controle foram de 1,2%, 0,7%, 4,2%, 3,1%, 6,8%, 7,8%, 5,1%, 4,2%, 4,8%, 12,5% e 19,2% respectivamente. A taxa de crescimento do grupo experimental foi maior do que a do grupo de controle e do grupo de controle em branco. Conclusão Em comparação com o grupo de controle e o grupo de controle neutro, o grupo experimental com treinamento composto tem um melhor efeito de treinamento para melhorar a explosividade dos membros inferiores dos jogadores de futebol juvenil. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The explosive power of the lower limbs is an indispensable index in soccer. Having a good level of explosive power establishes a solid foundation for the performance and the competitive level of soccer players. Objective Promote the conditions to improve the explosive level of soccer players and improve their performance and competitive level. Methods This paper presents the influence of compound strength training on the explosive power of the lower limbs of soccer athletes. Based on 27 young 9-year-old soccer players from Zai Ming Football Club of a sports college as experimental material, the composite training was carried out. Results The growth rates of these rates in the experimental group were 3.3%, 2.3%, 5.0%, 3.6%, 9.2%, 12.1%, 20.5%, 5.7%, 11.9%, 16.9% and 19.5% respectively, while those in the control group were 1.2%, 0.7%, 4.2%, 3.1%, 6.8%, 7.8%, 5.1%, 4.2%, 4.8%, 12.5% and 19.2% respectively. The growth rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group and the blank control group. Conclusion Compared with the control group and the neutral control group, the experimental group with compound training has a better training effect on improving the lower limb explosiveness of youth soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores es un índice indispensable en el fútbol. Tener un buen nivel de potencia explosiva establece una base sólida para el rendimiento y el nivel competitivo de los futbolistas. Objetivo Promover las condiciones para mejorar el nivel explosivo de los futbolistas y mejorar su rendimiento y nivel competitivo. Métodos Este trabajo presenta la influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza compuesta en la potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los atletas de fútbol. Se llevó a cabo el entrenamiento compuesto con 27 jóvenes jugadores de fútbol de 9 años del Club de Fútbol Zai Ming de una escuela deportiva como material experimental. Resultados Las tasas de crecimiento de estos índices en el grupo experimental fueron del 3,3%, 2,3%, 5,0%, 3,6%, 9,2%, 12,1%, 20,5%, 5,7%, 11,9%, 16,9% y 19,5% respectivamente, mientras que las del grupo de control fueron del 1,2%, 0,7%, 4,2%, 3,1%, 6,8%, 7,8%, 5,1%, 4,2%, 4,8%, 12,5% y 19,2% respectivamente. La tasa de crecimiento del grupo experimental fue mayor que la del grupo de control y del grupo de control en blanco. Conclusión En comparación con el grupo de control y el grupo de control neutro, el grupo experimental con entrenamiento compuesto tiene un mejor efecto de entrenamiento para mejorar la explosividad de las extremidades inferiores de los futbolistas juveniles. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução Os jogos de futebol são de longa duração e de maior confrontação; na segunda metade do jogo, muitos jogadores têm um declínio em seu nível físico, levando à perda das partidas. Objetivo Explorar o efeito do treinamento com peso na condição física nos membros inferiores dos jogadores de futebol. Métodos 60 atletas foram incluídos como sujeitos e divididos aleatoriamente em grupo de controle, grupo de musculação e grupo de musculação física tradicional. Todos os atletas treinaram por 45 minutos 3 vezes por semana durante 6 semanas. Antes e depois do treinamento, a força dos membros inferiores e a propriocepção foram avaliadas, e a força do grupo flexor e extensor do joelho foi avaliada pelo testador muscular isocinético. Resultados Tanto o treinamento físico com peso quanto o treinamento físico tradicional conseguiram melhorar o desempenho do salto vertical dos jovens jogadores de futebol, os efeitos do treinamento dos dois grupos foram equivalentes. Conclusão O treinamento com peso tem o mesmo efeito de aprimoramento que o treinamento físico tradicional em termos de força e poder explosivo, promovendo o desempenho atlético em jogadores de futebol juvenil. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Soccer games are of long duration and more confrontational; in the second half of the game, many players have a decline in their physical level, leading to loss of matches. Objective To explore the effect of weight training on lower limb fitness in soccer players. Methods 60 athletes were included as subjects and randomly divided into control group, weight training group, and traditional physical fitness training group. All athletes trained for 45 minutes 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Before and after training, lower limb strength and proprioception were evaluated, and the strength of the knee flexor and extensor group was assessed by isokinetic muscle tester. Results Both weight training and traditional physical training were able to improve the vertical jump performance of young soccer players, the training effects of both groups were equivalent. Conclusion Weight training has the same enhancing effect as traditional physical training in terms of strength and explosive power, promoting athletic performance in youth soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción Los partidos de fútbol son de larga duración y de mayor confrontación; en la segunda mitad del partido, muchos jugadores tienen un descenso en su nivel físico, lo que lleva a la pérdida de partidos. Objetivo Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento con pesas sobre la aptitud de las extremidades inferiores en jugadores de fútbol. Métodos Se incluyeron 60 atletas como sujetos y se dividieron aleatoriamente en el grupo de control, el grupo de entrenamiento con pesas y el grupo de acondicionamiento físico tradicional. Todos los atletas entrenaron 45 minutos 3 veces por semana durante 6 semanas. Antes y después del entrenamiento, se evaluó la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores y la propiocepción, y la fuerza del grupo de flexores y extensores de la rodilla se evaluó mediante un probador muscular isocinético. Resultados Tanto el entrenamiento con pesas como el entrenamiento físico tradicional fueron capaces de mejorar el rendimiento del salto vertical de los jóvenes futbolistas, los efectos del entrenamiento de ambos grupos fueron equivalentes. Conclusión El entrenamiento con pesas tiene el mismo efecto potenciador que el entrenamiento físico tradicional en términos de fuerza y potencia explosiva, promoviendo el rendimiento atlético en los jugadores de fútbol juvenil. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the role of renal denervation (RDN) on endogenous ouabain (EO) secretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: Sixteen 12-week-old male SHR were randomly separated into the renal denervation group (RDNX group) and sham operation group (sham group), and eight age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were served as control group. EO concentrations, the Na+- K+-ATPaseactivity, and the expression of Na+-K+-ATPase were assessed. Results: EO levels in serum, kidneys and hypothalamus of sham group were higher than in RDNX group (p < 0.05). Renal Na+-K+-ATPase activity subjected to denervation surgery showed significantly reduction when compared with the sham groups (p < 0.05). A positive correlation existed between norepinephrine (NE) content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the kidney (r2 = 0.579). Renal Na+-K+-ATPase α1 subunit mRNA expression was down-regulated in the RDNX group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05), while renal Na+-K+-ATPase α1 subunit mRNA expression was no statistical significance between the groups (P = 0.63). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the renal expression of Na+-K+-ATPasebetween the three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These experiments demonstrate that RDN exerted an anti-hypertensive effect with reduction of EO levels and Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Na+-K+-ATPase α1 subunit expression of kidney in SHR.

Abstract Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) is an important ornamental tree with beautiful characteristics that is grown in China. In this study, the complete plastid genome of C. coggygria was sequenced and assembled. This genome was 158,843 bp in size and presented a typical tetrad structure, consisting of a large single-copy region (87,121 bp), a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,829 bp), and a small single-copy region (18,064 bp). A total of 134 genes were annotated, including 88 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. We observed a deletion that caused the loss of the rpl32 gene, and a small expansion of IR regions resulted in the trnH gene accessing IR regions; two copies were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. coggygria was most closely related to Pistacia, with 100% bootstrap support within Anacardiaceae. In this study, we report the plastid genome of Cotinus species for the first time, which provides insight into the evolution of the plastid genome in Anacardiaceae and promotes the understanding of Cotinus plants.

Abstract Herein, we aimed to investigate the functions of ADAMTS6 in colon cancer and its potential mechanism. Based on the data acquired from TCGA database, we revealed that ADAMTS6 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and high expression of ADAMTS6 predicted worse prognosis in patients with colon cancer. Moreover, qRT-PCR demonstrated that the levels of ADAMTS6 were higher in colon cancer cell lines (NCI-H508, Caco-2, CW-2 and HCT 116) than that in normal control cell line CCD-18Co. Functional experiments displayed that depletion of ADAMTS6 repressed NCI-H508 cell growth, invasion and migration whilst overexpression of ADAMTS6 facilitated Caco-2 cell growth, invasion and migration. Moreover, ADAMTS6 silencing enhanced the protein expression of E-cadherin and reduced the levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail in NCI-H508 cells, whereas ADAMTS6 overexpression showed the counter effects in Caco-2 cells. The protein levels of p-AKT and p-p65 were decreased by depletion of ADAMTS6 in NCI-H508 cells, while their levels were enhanced by overexpression of ADAMTS6 in Caco-2 cells. These consequences indicated that the accelerating effect of ADAMTS6 on colon cancer cell growth, migration and invasion might be achieved by modulating EMT and AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, offering important foundations for colon cancer treatment.

ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and net energy (NE) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, and faecal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs. Eighteen crossed barrows were randomly allocated into one of three dietary treatments: high protein + high NE diet, low protein + high NE diet, and low protein + low NE diet. The whole experiment lasted 90 days and was divided into three phases (phase I: 25-50 kg; phase II: 50-75 kg; phase III: 75-105 kg). All pigs were individually housed in a metabolism cage and subjected to four-day total faeces and urine collection period at the end of each phase. There was no significant difference in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum total protein, and albumin concentrations of pigs among the dietary treatments. Compared with the high protein + high NE diet, pigs fed low protein + high NE and low protein + low NE diets had lower N intake, urine N, and total N excretion in each phase. At the end of the experiment, pigs fed the low protein + high NE and low protein + low NE diets had lower blood urea nitrogen, serum NH3-N concentrations, faecal pH value, faecal NH3-N concentration, and faecal Escherichia coli count than those fed the high protein + high NE diet. However, there was no significant difference in all of the above indexes between low protein + high NE and low protein + low NE diets. Decreasing the dietary protein content by 3.5 percentage units has no adverse effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs while significantly reduces N excretion and faecal Escherichia coli count. Moreover, further decreasing dietary NE level in the low-protein diet by 0.35-0.5 MJ/kg does not affect growth performance, nutrient digestibility, N excretion, blood profiles, and faecal Escherichia coli count of pigs.

The stability, mechanical properties and anisotropic properties of sound velocities of Ga2Mg5, GaMg2, GaMg, O-Ga2Mg, H-Ga2Mg and Ga5Mg2 are investigated systematically by the first-principles calculation. The cohesive energy and formation enthalpy are obtained and used to estimate the stability of the Ga-Mg binary compounds. GaMg compound is the most stable and has the lowest formation enthalpy as -0.162eV/atom of those GaxMgy compounds. The elastic constants of single crystal, hardness, bulk, shear, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the polycrystalline crystal are obtained and used to estimate the mechanical properties. Ga5Mg2 and H-Ga2Mg have the lager bulk, shear and Young’s modulus and corresponding B/G is low. H-Ga2Mg is harder than the other compounds from the results of Poisson’s ratio. The anisotropic mechanical properties are discussed using the anisotropic index, two-dimensional planar projections on different planes of the bulk and Young's modulus. The Young's modulus of H-Ga2Mg shows the strongly anisotropy of mechanical properties and GaMg2 has the weakest anisotropy among all the compounds.

RESUMO Objetivo: meta-análise para avaliar a eficácia da intervenção de enfermagem, no nível de esperança para pacientes com câncer. Método: foram pesquisados bancos de dados eletrônicos. Dois dos autores, de forma independente, extraíram os dados dos estudos elegíveis e os agruparam no software Stata 13.0. Resultado: nove ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos e a qualidade metodológica destes estudos foi avaliada utilizando as recomendações do manual Cochrane. Um modelo de efeito aleatório foi usado para combinar resultados dos estudos elencados. O agrupamento dos resultados por meio de um modelo de efeitos fixos mostrou primeiros escores revelaram um efeito significativamente maior após o uso da intervenção de enfermagem entre os grupos. Foi identificada heterogeneidade entre os estudos para pós-teste (df = 8, p = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Os resultados indicaram heterogeneidade significativa nos nove estudos selecionados. O teste para heterogeneidade não demonstrou homogeneidade entre os estudos de acompanhamento (df = 8, p = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), mas sem significância estatística. Conclusão: as evidências atuais sugerem que a intervenção de enfermagem tem um efeito positivo no sentimento de esperança em pacientes com câncer. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios controlados randomizados em maior escala e de alta qualidade para confirmar esses resultados.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of nursing interventions to increase the level of hope in cancer patients, in a meta-analysis. Methods: electronic databases were searched. Two of the authors independently extracted data from the eligible studies, and Stata 13.0 software was used to pool the data. Results: nine randomized controlled trials were included, and methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated using Cochrane handbook recommendations. A random effects model was used to combine results from eligible studies. The pooled results using the fixed effects model showed that scores to first effects increase significantly after the use of nursing intervention between the groups. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies for posttest (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). The results indicated significant heterogeneity across the nine selected studies. The test for heterogeneity showed no homogeneity among studies for follow-up (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), and there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: the current evidence suggests that nursing intervention has a positive effect on hope in cancer patients. However, more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la intervención de enfermería para pacientes oncológicos en el nivel de esperanza en un meta análisis. Método: se buscó información en bases de datos electrónicas. Dos de los autores extrajeron de forma independiente los datos de los estudios de elegibilidad, y se utilizó el software Stata 13.0 para agrupar los datos. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve ensayos aleatorios controlados y se evaluó la calidad metodológica del ensayo controlado aleatorizado (ECA) utilizando las recomendaciones del manual Cochrane. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para combinar los resultados de los estudios elegibles. Los resultados agrupados utilizando el modelo de efectos fijos mostraron que las puntuaciones al primer efecto aumentan significativamente después del uso de la intervención de enfermería entre los grupos. Se observó heterogeneidad entre los estudios de post-prueba (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Los resultados indicaron heterogeneidad significativa en los nueve estudios seleccionados. La prueba de heterogeneidad no mostró homogeneidad entre los estudios de seguimiento (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), pero no hay significación estadística. Conclusión: la evidencia actual sugiere que la intervención de enfermería tiene un efecto positivo en la esperanza en pacientes con cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios de gran escala y de alta calidad para confirmar estos resultados.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of nursing interventions to increase the level of hope in cancer patients, in a meta-analysis. Methods: electronic databases were searched. Two of the authors independently extracted data from the eligible studies, and Stata 13.0 software was used to pool the data. Results: nine randomized controlled trials were included, and methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated using Cochrane handbook recommendations. A random effects model was used to combine results from eligible studies. The pooled results using the fixed effects model showed that scores to first effects increase significantly after the use of nursing intervention between the groups. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies for posttest (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). The results indicated significant heterogeneity across the nine selected studies. The test for heterogeneity showed no homogeneity among studies for follow-up (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), and there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: the current evidence suggests that nursing intervention has a positive effect on hope in cancer patients. However, more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la intervención de enfermería para pacientes oncológicos en el nivel de esperanza en un meta análisis. Método: se buscó información en bases de datos electrónicas. Dos de los autores extrajeron de forma independiente los datos de los estudios de elegibilidad, y se utilizó el software Stata 13.0 para agrupar los datos. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve ensayos aleatorios controlados y se evaluó la calidad metodológica del ensayo controlado aleatorizado (ECA) utilizando las recomendaciones del manual Cochrane. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para combinar los resultados de los estudios elegibles. Los resultados agrupados utilizando el modelo de efectos fijos mostraron que las puntuaciones al primer efecto aumentan significativamente después del uso de la intervención de enfermería entre los grupos. Se observó heterogeneidad entre los estudios de post-prueba (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Los resultados indicaron heterogeneidad significativa en los nueve estudios seleccionados. La prueba de heterogeneidad no mostró homogeneidad entre los estudios de seguimiento (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), pero no hay significación estadística. Conclusión: la evidencia actual sugiere que la intervención de enfermería tiene un efecto positivo en la esperanza en pacientes con cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios de gran escala y de alta calidad para confirmar estos resultados.

RESUMO Objetivo: meta-análise para avaliar a eficácia da intervenção de enfermagem, no nível de esperança para pacientes com câncer. Método: foram pesquisados bancos de dados eletrônicos. Dois dos autores, de forma independente, extraíram os dados dos estudos elegíveis e os agruparam no software Stata 13.0. Resultado: nove ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos e a qualidade metodológica destes estudos foi avaliada utilizando as recomendações do manual Cochrane. Um modelo de efeito aleatório foi usado para combinar resultados dos estudos elencados. O agrupamento dos resultados por meio de um modelo de efeitos fixos mostrou primeiros escores revelaram um efeito significativamente maior após o uso da intervenção de enfermagem entre os grupos. Foi identificada heterogeneidade entre os estudos para pós-teste (df = 8, p = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Os resultados indicaram heterogeneidade significativa nos nove estudos selecionados. O teste para heterogeneidade não demonstrou homogeneidade entre os estudos de acompanhamento (df = 8, p = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), mas sem significância estatística. Conclusão: as evidências atuais sugerem que a intervenção de enfermagem tem um efeito positivo no sentimento de esperança em pacientes com câncer. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios controlados randomizados em maior escala e de alta qualidade para confirmar esses resultados.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on tendon-to-bone reconstruction of rotator cuff tears. Methods: Seventy-two rat supraspinatus tendons were transected and reconstructed in situ. At 8 and 16 weeks, specimens of three groups; that is control, L-dose (low dose), and H-dose (high dose) were harvested and underwent a biomechanical test to evaluate the maximum load and stiffness values. Histology sections of the tendon-to-bone interface were identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Masson trichrome stain. Collagen type III was observed by picric acid sirius red staining under polarized light. The level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Collagen type III of the H-dose group had a significant difference in histology structure compared with the L-dose group (P<0.05). The maximum load and stiffness decreased significantly in the control group compared with the values of the L-dose and H-dose groups. The stiffness among the three groups differed significantly at the same postoperative time (P<0.05). Interestingly, progressive reestablishment of collagen type III affected tendon-to-bone healing significantly in the later stages. Conclusion: The H-dose was associated with an increased collagen type III morphology stimulated by TGF-β1.

ABSTRACT Aim: The role of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) in erectile dysfunction (ED) is not clearly determined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of LI-ESWT for ED patients. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were searched in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG and VIP databases. Effective rate in terms of International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Domain (IIEF-EF) and Erectile Hardness Score (EHS) at about 1XSmonth after LI-ESWT was extracted from eligible studies for meta-analysis to calculate risk ratio (RR) of effective treatment in ED patients treated by LI-ESWT compared to those receiving sham-treatment. Results: Overall fifteen studies were included in the review, of which four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were for meta-analysis. Effective treatment was 8.31 [95°/o confidence interval (CI): 3.88-17.78] times more effective in the LI-ESWT group (n=176) than in the sham-treatment group (n= 101) at about 1 month after the intervention in terms of EHS, while it was 2.50 (95% CI: 0.74–8.45) times more in the treatment group (n= 121) than in the control group (n=89) in terms of IIEF-EF. Nine-week protocol with energy density of 0.09mJ/mm2 and 1500 pluses seemed to have better therapeutic effect than five-week protocol. No significant adverse event was reported. Conclusion: LI-ESWT, as a noninvasive treatment, has potential short-term therapeutic effect on patients with organic ED irrespective of sensitivity to PDE5is. Owing to the limited number and quality of the studies, more large-scale, well-designed and longterm follow-up time studies are needed to confirm our analysis.

Abstract In order to obtain a more stable and reusable immobilized spore laccase for dye decolorization, the spores from Bacillus pumilus W3 were immobilized on diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-cellulose). Free and immobilized spore laccase retained 34.38% and 46.11% of their initial activity, respectively, after 10 days incubation at pH 9.0. Their residual activity remained at 27.36% and 31.84% after 10 h incubation at 70 ºC. Immobilized spore laccase was more stable than free spore laccase in the presence of most organic solvents, metal ions and inhibitors. The tested dyes, including methyl green, methyl red and acid red 1, were removed 86.82%, 78.14% and 88.60%, respectively, by immobilized spore laccase after 24 h at 37 ºC, and 74.34% of initial decolorization activity after 7 cycles was retained when it decolorized acid red 1. These properties indicated that immobilized spore laccase may be useful in textile effluent treatment.

Melanocyte loss in vitiligo vulgaris is believed to be an autoimmune process. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in many autoimmune skin diseases. We determined the possible role of MIF in the pathogenesis of vitiligo vulgaris, and describe the relationship between MIF expressions and disease severity and activity. Serum MIF concentrations and mRNA levels in PBMCs were measured in 44 vitiligo vulgaris patients and 32 normal controls, using ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. Skin biopsies from 15 patients and 6 controls were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Values are reported as median (25th-75th percentile). Serum MIF concentrations were significantly increased in patients [35.81 (10.98-43.66) ng/mL] compared to controls [7.69 (6.01-9.03) ng/mL]. MIF mRNA levels were significantly higher in PBMCs from patients [7.17 (3.59-8.87)] than controls [1.67 (1.23-2.42)]. There was also a significant difference in MIF mRNA levels in PBMCs between progressive and stable patients [7.86 (5.85-9.13)vs 4.33 (2.23-8.39)] and in serum MIF concentrations [40.47 (27.71-46.79) vs 26.80 (10.55-36.07) ng/mL]. In addition, the vitiligo area severity index scores of patients correlated positively with changes of both serum MIF concentrations (r = 0.488) and MIF mRNA levels in PBMCs (r = 0.426). MIF mRNA levels were significantly higher in lesional than in normal skin [2.43 (2.13-7.59)vs 1.18 (0.94-1.83)] and in patients in the progressive stage than in the stable stage [7.52 (2.43-8.84)vs 2.13 (1.98-2.64)]. These correlations suggest that MIF participates in the pathogenesis of vitiligo vulgaris and may be useful as an index of disease severity and activity.

The morphology of Chinese fire-bellied newt liver consists of 5 lobes, with exception of a few individual differences present, which are composed by a number of hepatic lobules. Passing through the center of the lobules, a central vein radiates and is arranged in orderly row from one to several layers. The interval of the hepatic cords or masses are irregular and variable sinusoid. The hepatic sinusoidal wall consists of one layer endothelial cells or Macrophagocytus stellatus (Kupffer cells), which have protrusions and elongations. The intervals of the hepatic cells have perisinusoidal space (space of Disse). The hepatic cell is polygonal in shape with uniform, round or oval nucleus, 17.812.4µm in diameter, mean 14.2 µm 2-6 nucleoli, nuclear-cytoplasmic volume ratio was 0.24:1. There is a lot of pigmentation in the hepatic parenchyma.

La morfología del hígado del tritón de vientre de fuego chino está constituida por 5 lóbulos, excepto unos pocos que presentan diferencias individuales, los cuales se componen de una gran cantidad de lóbulos hepáticos. Pasando por el centro de los lóbulos, se encuentra una vena central radial y los organiza en cordones o placas hepáticas. La vena central es delgada de 61,6-30,2 µm de diámetro, con una media 42 de µm. Los hepatocitos alrededor de la vena central están organizados en filas ordenadas por una a varias capas. El intervalo de los cordones hepáticos o masas es irregular y sinusoidal variable. La pared del sinusoide hepático está formada por una capa de células endoteliales o macrófagos hepáticos (células de Kupffer) que tienen protuberancias y elongaciones. El intervalo de las células hepáticas tienen el espacio perisinusoidal (de Disse). La célula hepática es de forma poligonal con un núcleo redondo u oval uniforme de 17,8-12,4 µm de diámetro, con una media 14,2µm. 2 a 6 nucléolos, con un radio de volumen nuclear-citoplasmático de 0,24:1. Hay una gran cantidad de pigmentación en el parénquima hepático.

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the digestion kinetics of two fibre sources (lucerne, maize stalk) in different segments of the digestive tract of geese. Sixty Jilin nongan white geese were divided into two groups and fed with a lucerne or maize stalk diet. After 30 days of feeding, all of the geese were fed with Co-EDTA as the marker of liquid digesta, and n-alkane was used as an internal marker. At 1.0 h, 2.0 h, 3.0 h, 4.0 h and 5.0 h after Co-EDTA was fed, five geese per treatment per time period were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Content of the glandular stomach, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and rectum were collected for the evaluation of the parameters of digestion kinetics. The results showed that digestion kinetics of fibre in geese fed with a lucerne diet is consistent with that of a maize stalk diet. Within the digestive tract, digesta flow was the highest in the jejunum, and the slowest in the gizzard. Mean retention time of the digesta was the longest in the gizzard and duodenum. The digestibility of NDF, ADF and HC was the highest in duodenum, gizzard and duodenum and caecum respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest that the gizzard and duodenum might play important roles in the digestion of crude fibre in geese.